So, what is the difference between carbon steel and galvanized steel, and how can you distinguish them? The article below, brought to you by Midwest Steel, compares the properties of these two popular types of steel to highlight their differences.
What is Different Between Carbon Steel and Galvanized Steel? Find Out with Midwest Steel
Definition of Carbon Steel vs Galvanized Steel
Before exploring the difference between carbon steel and galvanized steel, Midwest Steel invites you to understand the definitions of these two materials.
What is Carbon Steel? Carbon steel is the alloy of iron and carbon combined with a small percentage of other elements. The greater the carbon percentage in the alloy, the more brittle and harder the steel gets, but with a lesser percentage of carbon ratio, it turns out softer and malleable. Carbon steel has three varieties-low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel.
What is Galvanized Steel? Galvanized steel is a type of steel material that is coated with an outer layer of zinc plating. The zinc coating aids the steel in fighting against environmental reactions, which reduces the product’s oxidation and corrosion and thereby inhibits rusting while enhancing durability and the product’s life span. The common forms of galvanized steel products are galvanized steel pipes, coils, and hollow sections.
Now that we have covered the definitions, let’s discuss the differences between carbon steel and galvanized steel.
Comparing Carbon Steel vs Galvanized Steel
Differences in Product Surface
Among the differences between carbon steel and galvanized steel is the surface. Carbon steels are left raw, or covered with a layer of grease for protection, while galvanized ones are covered by a coat of zinc on their surfaces to make them more durable and pleasing to the eyes despite bad weather. The latter may have varied thickness on the Zinc layer depending upon the intention how it will be used.
Carbon Steel vs. Galvanized Steel: A Comprehensive Comparison
When selecting materials for construction, manufacturing, or industrial projects, choosing the right type of steel is essential. Two of the most commonly used steel types are carbon steel and galvanized steel. Each has unique properties that make it suitable for different applications. In this article, we’ll explore the differences in manufacturing processes, corrosion resistance, pricing, and applications of carbon steel versus galvanized steel—helping you make an informed decision for your next project.
Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing processes of carbon steel and galvanized steel are distinctly different, contributing to their individual characteristics and use cases.
Carbon steel is produced by adding carbon to iron in a controlled environment, typically inside a blast furnace or electric arc furnace. The carbon content—usually ranging from 0.05% to 2.0%—modifies the steel’s hardness, ductility, and strength. Depending on the carbon content, carbon steel can be classified into low, medium, or high carbon steel, each with specific uses in industry and manufacturing.
Galvanized steel, on the other hand, begins as standard steel but undergoes an additional treatment process to enhance its corrosion resistance. The steel is coated with a layer of zinc through methods such as:
-
Hot-dip galvanizing – where the steel is submerged in molten zinc
-
Electro-galvanizing – where an electric current is used to bond the zinc coating
-
Spray galvanizing – where zinc is applied via thermal spray
This zinc coating forms a barrier that prevents moisture and oxygen from reaching the steel surface, thereby significantly enhancing its durability in outdoor or corrosive environments.
Corrosion Resistance
One of the most important factors in choosing between carbon steel and galvanized steel is how well each resists corrosion.
Carbon steel, while strong and cost-effective, lacks any inherent corrosion resistance. Without a protective layer or coating, carbon steel is vulnerable to oxidation, which leads to rust and material degradation over time. To mitigate this, carbon steel must be painted, oiled, or otherwise sealed—especially if it’s going to be used in outdoor environments.
Galvanized steel is inherently more corrosion-resistant due to its zinc coating. This coating not only protects the steel from environmental exposure but also offers “sacrificial protection,” meaning the zinc will corrode first before the steel underneath is affected. This property makes galvanized steel ideal for use in moist or marine environments, or anywhere long-term durability is a concern.
Product Prices
Cost is always a major factor when selecting materials for a project.
Carbon steel is generally more affordable than galvanized steel. Its lower price point makes it a preferred choice for applications where exposure to moisture is minimal or where protective coatings will be added afterward.
Galvanized steel, while more expensive, offers built-in corrosion resistance, which can reduce the need for additional maintenance or protective measures down the line. In many cases, the higher upfront cost is offset by its longer service life and reduced repair costs over time.
For projects operating in dry, controlled environments, carbon steel may offer the most value. For those exposed to the elements, galvanized steel is typically worth the additional investment.
Applications of Carbon Steel vs. Galvanized Steel
Because of their differences in strength, durability, and corrosion resistance, carbon steel and galvanized steel are used in a variety of applications across multiple industries.
Galvanized Steel Applications:
-
Construction: Used in steel framing, roofing, purlins, and deck flooring
-
HVAC Systems: Ventilation and ductwork systems
-
Infrastructure Projects: Bridges, guardrails, and light poles
-
Plumbing and Piping: Galvanized steel pipes are used for water transport and drainage
-
Agricultural Equipment: Fencing, sheds, and enclosures
Carbon Steel Applications:
-
Automotive Industry: Structural parts, body panels, and frames
-
Shipbuilding: Hulls, structural components, and machinery
-
General Manufacturing: Tools, machinery, bolts, screws, and fittings
-
Construction: Reinforcing bars, structural beams, and panels
-
Industrial Equipment: Pressure vessels, tanks, and pipelines
Midwest Steel – Your Trusted Steel Supplier
At Midwest Steel, we are proud to be your go-to source for high-quality steel products. With over 12 years of experience in the steel industry, we understand the importance of choosing the right materials for your project. Whether you’re looking for carbon steel for its strength and affordability or galvanized steel for its superior corrosion resistance, we’ve got you covered.
We offer a wide variety of steel products at competitive prices, and our knowledgeable team is always ready to help you make the best choice based on your project needs. No matter the scale or complexity of your project, Midwest Steel has the expertise and inventory to support you every step of the way.
Stay Informed with Midwest Steel
We hope this article has helped clarify the key differences between carbon steel and galvanized steel. If you’re interested in learning more about the materials we offer, or if you need guidance on choosing the right steel for your next project, don’t hesitate to reach out to our team.
For more educational content, tips, and industry updates, be sure to follow us on Midlands Steel. Let us be your partner in quality, reliability, and service.